The Bizarre Wound In Foster's Skull
About This Snippet

On July 20th, 1993 White House Counsel Vincent Foster was found dead in Fort Marcy Park, Virginia. 

According to the official investigations, Foster is supposed to have placed a .38 caliber revolver in his mouth and shot himself through the head.  The bullet was never found.

On July 21st, 1993 Dr. James Beyer performed an autopsy on Foster's body.  During the autopsy Dr. Beyer made drawings of the wounds in Foster's head; these drawings are included in the autopsy report.

One of the drawings shows a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp which was supposed to have been made by the exiting bullet.

Another drawing depicts the wound in the back of Foster's skull, also supposedly caused by the exiting bullet.  This drawing of the skull wound is interesting because it does not show a bullet hole in Foster's skull.


In other words, the official story of the Foster death is this:

Foster committed suicide by placing .38 caliber revolver in his mouth and firing it.

The bullet, which was never found, somehow exited Foster's head tearing a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in his scalp without leaving a discernible bullet hole in his skull.

This is a curious situation and deserves a closer look.

 

July 20th, 1993

Photograph of black gun in Foster's hand, leaked to ABC News March 11, 1994
Photograph of black gun in Foster's hand, leaked to ABC News March 11, 1994
During the early evening of July 20th 1993, the body of White House Counsel Vincent Foster was found lying on a berm in Fort Marcy Park Virginia. 

According to the official investigations into the Foster death,   Vince Foster placed a .38 caliber revolver in his mouth and pulled the trigger.  The bullet is supposed to have exited the back of Foster's head, tearing a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in his scalp.  The bullet was never found.

Dr. Beyer's Drawing of The Hole In Foster's Scalp


Dr. Beyer's drawing of the exit wound in Foster's scalp 
(click on image for larger view)
On July 21st, 1993, the morning of the day following Foster's death,  Dr. James C. Beyer performed the Foster autopsy.  As he performed the autopsy, Beyer made drawings of the wounds1

Page 6 of the Foster autopsy report contains a drawing of a stellate (star shaped) wound in Foster's scalp.  Dr. Beyer has annotated the drawing as follows "Exit wound.  Irregular wound. 1 1/4 " x 1". 

Thus, the high velocity .38 caliber slug is supposed to have caused a star shaped wound in Foster's scalp when it exited his head.

One would expect that a bullet that tore a sizable 1 1/4 x 1 inch wound through the scalp, would leave a very noticeable bullet hole in the skull.
 



 
What An Exit Wound From A High Velocity Bullet Through The Skull Looks Like

Example 1

The photograph to the left shows a typical exit wound in the skull made by a high velocity slug2.  As one would expect, there is a very discernible bullet hole in the skull.   There are a few hairline fractures radiating from the hole.

Example 2

 The photograph to the right shows a typical exit wound in the skull made by a high velocity slug3.  As one would expect, there is a very discernible bullet hole in the skull.  There are a few hairline fractures radiating from the hole.
Example 3
The drawing to the left  depicts the characteristics of an exit wound in the skull caused by a high velocity projectile4.  As one would expect, there is a very discernible bullet hole in the skull at the exit site.



 

The Expected Wound In The Skull: An Ersatz X-Ray

Unfortunately no X-rays survived the Foster autopsy.  However, we can graphically create an image showing the wound one would expect to see in the skull as follows . . . 

Step 1

We add an image of the back of a skull to Dr. Beyer's drawing of the back of the head found on page 6 of the autopsy report:
Step 2:
We copy one of the images of a typical exit wound to the skull caused by a high velocity projectile and align it with the wound to the scalp shown on Dr. Beyer's drawing, yielding the ersatz X-Ray:
By removing Dr. Beyer's drawing we arrive at an image of what we would expect the wound in Foster's skull to look like:
We would expect Dr. Beyer's drawing to show this wound to Foster's skull . . . a circular wound with an outwardly beveled edge and radiating fractures from the exit site.

Something like this:

The Bizarre Exit Wound In Foster's Skull

During the autopsy procedure, Dr. Beyer inspected Foster's skull and made a drawing of the exit wound supposedly caused by the exit of the high velocity .38 caliber bullet.  The figure below is a scan of that drawing.

Dr. Beyer's drawing of the exit wound in Foster's skull 
(click on image for larger view)
Surprisingly, the typical and expected round bullet hole is missing . . . evidently Dr. Beyer did not find a bullet hole in the skull; instead of drawing a bullet hole, Dr. Beyer drew a large cross hatched area.

What is this mysterious cross hatched area in the drawing supposed to represent?

According to Dr. Luke and Dr. Stahl, the cross hatched area indicates an area of a comminuted fracture to the skull. 

A "comminuted"  fracture is a fracture that is "crushed into several pieces at the fracture site"5 or "grossly splintered"6.

So, according to the official record, a high velocity .38 caliber bullet exited Foster's skull, tore a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in his scalp, yet left no bullet hole in the skull - - -  only an area of splintered bone.

This is bizarre. 


The ersatz X-ray technique used above can be used to illustrate just how bizarre Beyer's finding really is.

Step 1
We sketch in Dr. Beyer's wound on an image of the back of the skull, taking care to scale and position the sketch of the wound relative to the lambdoidal and saggital sutures on the skull:
Step 2
We add Dr. Beyer's drawing of the back of the head found on page 6 of the autopsy report.
The surprising result is that a bullet is supposed to have somehow ripped a 1 1/4 x 1 inch wound through Foster's scalp without leaving a bullet hole in the skull:
Not only is it surprising that a high velocity .38 caliber bullet is supposed to have torn 1 1/4 x 1 inch wound through Foster's scalp without leaving a bullet hole in the skull, the drawing of the exit wound to Foster's skull doesn't even look like a typical exit wound caused by a high velocity bullet.
Typical exit wound . . . 
Foster's exit wound . . . 

This is a bizarre situation.

How could a high velocity slug exit Foster's head and tear a hole in Foster's scalp yet leave no discernable bullet hole in the skull?

What could have caused the strange wound that Dr. Beyer saw on Foster's skull?

Penetrating Gunshot Wounds: Bullets That Remain In The Head 

Bullets that enter and exit the body are called 'perforating' gunshot wounds.  Bullets that enter the body without exiting are called 'penetrating' gunshot wounds. 

Dr. Vincent DiMaio is a forensic pathologist and an expert in gunshot wounds.  The image to the right is a scan from Dr. DiMaio's book (Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques) and illustrates how a bullet can ricochet within the skull, resulting in a penetrating gunshot wound to the head.

According to Dr. DiMaio:

In many handgun wounds of the head, the bullet is retained either in the cranial cavity or beneath the scalp.7
Dr. DiMaio tells us that ricochet within the head occurs most often with 'bullets of small caliber':
As a general rule, internal ricochet is more commonly associated with lead bullets and bullets of small caliber.  Thus, ricochet within the cranial cavity occurs most commonly with .22 lead bullets.8

'Bullets of Small Caliber' 

Richard Arthur, an emergency medical technician called to the Foster death scene, said that he saw what appeared to be an entrance wound caused by a small caliber bullet, like a .22.  According to Arthur's deposition [2031-2036] (emphasis added):
Q:  "Where was the blood coming from?"

A:  To me it looked like there as a bullet hole right here."

Q:  "In the neck?"

A:  "Yes, right around the jawline."

Q:  The neck and jawline underneath the right ear?"

A:  "Somewhere there.  I would have to see a picture to point it out exactly where but there was a little bit of blood coming out of the mouth, too, and a little out of the nose but the main was right here.  I didn't see any on the left side.  I didn't see any on the chest or anything [883]."

Q:  "With respect to the bullet wound you think you saw in the -- at the scene could you describe in some detail exactly what you thought you saw?"

A:  "I saw what appeared to be a bullet hole, which was right around the jawline on the right side of the neck."

Q:  "About how big?"

A:  "It looked like a small-caliber entrance wound, something with -- I don't want to say a .22 or whatever, but it was a small caliber.  It appeared to be a smaller caliber than the gun I saw."

 . . 

Q:  "How close to the body were you when you saw this?"

A:  "2, 3 feet [903-904]."

On April 12, 1994, Dr. Haut, the Virginia medical examiner that examined Foster's body at the death scene, was interviewed by the FBI.  Apparently Haut thought the exit wound was consistent with a bullet of small caliber (e.g. a .25): 
After examination of the back of the head, HAUT believed that the wound was consistent with a low velocity weapon.  HAUT recalled a separate case in which a .25 caliber rifle caused a much more devastating wound to the victim. 



 

What Damage To The Skull From A Non-Exiting Bullet Looks Like

The image below is from a page on gunshot wounds at a University of Florida web site9 illustrating a penetrating gunshot wound to the head.

Note the comminuted ('grossly splintered') fractures in the skull where the bullet impacted before rebounding into the head. 


Dr. Beyer's drawing of the exit wound in Foster's skull 
(click on image for larger view)
Compare the comminuted fractures in the image from the University of Florida with with the comminuted fractures depicted in Dr. Beyer's drawing.

Dr. Beyer's drawing on page 5 of the autopsy report is consistent with a penetrating gunshot wound to the skull (i.e. one where the bullet did not exit the skull) and inconsistent with a perforating gunshot wound (i.e. one where the bullet exited the skull).


If Only There Were X-Rays

Unfortunately, no X-rays survived the Foster autopsy.  Had X-rays survived, they could show that the bullet did not remain in Foster's head, but exited just as Beyer said it did.

On the other hand, if the bullet was actually retained in the head and if it was a low caliber slug (say a .22 or a .25), then the X-rays would show this bullet.  Such an X-ray would make it difficult to explain how a low caliber bullet was fired from the .38 revolver found in Foster's hand.

Be that as it may, since no X-rays survived the autopsy, we have to look elsewhere for insight on the bizarre exit wound in Foster's skull . . .


Other Official Information On The Exit Wound

Let's see if any insight may be garnered regarding this mysterious exit wound by looking at a few snippets from the official record . . .

The FBI On The Exit Wound

A heavily redacted (major sections are covered up with large black rectangles) Teletype from the FBI's Washington Metropolitan Field Office to the FBI's Director, confirms that the FBI was apprised of the autopsy results on July 21, 1993, the same day it was performed. This telex reports that there was no exit wound in Foster's head:
"[P]reliminary results include the finding that a .38 caliber revolver, constructed from two different weapons, was fired into the victim's mouth with no exit wound."
A copy of the full telex may be viewed in the exhibits document available at www.fbicover-up.com.

Inspector Rolla On The Exit Wound

Officer Simonello explains the ruined photographic evidence to A&E reporters in October of 1996
Investigator John Rolla At Fort Marcy Park
John Rolla was the Park Police Investigator in charge of the body site.  At the site, Rolla 'gloved up' and probed Foster's head for an exit wound.  In his sworn deposition of  July 21, 1994 Rolla said he could find no hole . . . only a "mushy spot". 

Rolla testified that he thought that the bullet might still be in the head:

Q. Was there any attempt to find bone fragments or anything in the ground?
A. They searched the area... I still can't believe that the hole -- it's a small hole. They may put their finger through it, that's a big hole. His head was not blown out... I probed his head and there was no big hole there. There was no big blowout. There weren't brains running all over the place. There was blood in there. There was a mushy spot. I initially thought the bullet might still be in his head. Could have been the brain pushed up against that hole. There's no big hole or big blowout in his head.
. . . 

[Dr. Haut] looked at the back of his head. I looked at the back of his head, and I was wearing gloves, I probed his head and I could feel -- what I felt in his head was mushy here. I did not, you know, there was hair, blood and other matter there, and I did not observe any blowout, like his brains had been blown out all over the place. It just appeared it was mushy there.

A penetrating gunshot wound ... a wound caused by a bullet that did not exit but instead splintered the skull and rebounded into the head would feel 'mushy' if probed.  Finding only a 'mushy spot' instead of the expected hole through the skull would naturally lead one to believe that the bullet might still be in the head, just as Investigator Rolla thought  . . . but let's continue. 

What Did Inspector Rolla See?

While at the scene, Rolla and Dr. Haut (the medical examiner called to the death scene), rolled the body over and inspected the back of the head, where the bullet is supposed to have exited the skull.

Let's see what Rolla said when asked by the FBI what he saw when he looked at the exit wound; here is a scan of the the notes of the FBI interview with Rolla regarding this crucial point:


Body was rolled
over by Rolla to fully
investigate -- extensive blood back of shirt
back of head [redacted]
[line redacted]
[line redacted]
[line redacted]
Dr. Haut declared
dead
Hmmm . . . 

It seems that the notes of the FBI interview with Investigator Rolla, regarding what he saw when he looked at the exit wound on the back of Foster's head, have been redacted from the record (i.e. covered up with large black rectangles).  Evidently, what Investigator Rolla saw when he looked at the exit wound at the death scene is a secret that we are not to know.

The sidebar to the right shows what the non secret part of the FBI notes say.

A copy of the FBI notes on Rolla's interview may be viewed in the exhibits document available at www.fbicover-up.com.

Drs. Luke, Stahl, Hirsch & Reay On The Exit Wound 

Certainly a situation where a high velocity .38 caliber slug is supposed ot have exited a head but left a wound in the skull that is characteristic of a wound caused by a bullet that remained in the head would pique the interest of highly trained, experienced and expert forensic pathologists. 

Drs. James L. Luke,  Charles J. Stahl, Charles S. Hirsch and Donald T. Reay  are the highly trained, experienced and expert forensic pathologists appointed by Robert Fiske to review Dr. Beyer's work on the Foster autopsy and report their findings. 

Two reports were produced.  Neither report offers an explanation as to how a high velocity .38 caliber bullet could . . . 

                   1) Exit Foster's head
                   2) Tear 1 1/4 inch by  1 inch star shaped wound in his scalp
                   3) . . . yet leave no discernible bullet hole in his skull

Instead of explaining this atypical exit wound to the skull, a wound that indicates the bullet did not exit Foster's head,  Dr. James L. Luke and Dr. Charles J. Stahl chose to merely describe the autopsy drawings [612]:

Bullet course. Penetrates skull, to left of foramen magnum.  Internal beveling not appreciated.  Penetrates brain stem (medulla) and medial aspect of left cerebral hemisphere.  No gunpowder residue noted to involve skull, dura or central nervous system.  Exit through comminuted central occipital skull defect at posterior occiput  Cross-hatched area in diagram represents fragments of bone not identified.  Scalp exit wound stellate,  measuring 1 1/4 x 1 inch, located 3 inches below top of head.  No evidence of shoring at exit site.

 Page 4 (click for larger view)

Page 5 of the autopsy report (click for larger view)

Page 6 of the autopsy report (click for larger view)
Bullet course. Penetrates skull, to left of foramen magnum.  Internal beveling not appreciated.  Exit through comminuted central occipital skull defect at posterior occiput  Cross-hatched area in diagram represents fragments of bone not identified. Scalp exit wound stellate,  measuring 1 1/4 x 1 inch, located 3 inches below top of head.

Dr. Henry Lee On The Exit Wound

The highly trained, expert and experienced forensic pathologist Dr. Henry Lee was appointed by Starr to help in Starr's investigation of the death.  Instead of assuring us that the bullet actually exited Foster's head, the best Dr. Lee can do is say that "the bullet appears to have exited".  From footnote 177, page 61 of the Starr Report (emphasis added): 
[177] Blackbourne Report at 2.  In his report, Dr. Lee similarly states -- based on examination of the scene photographs, the medical examiner's report, and the autopsy photographs -- that "it is  clear that Mr. Foster died as a result of a single gunshot wound," that "[t]he entrance of this wound  was in his mouth," and that "the bullet appears to have exited through the back of Mr. Foster's  head."  Lee Report at 486.
This qualification by Dr. Lee is quite interesting.

Perhaps Dr. Lee found it odd that a bullet that is supposed to have exited Foster's head tearing a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp could do so without creating a bullet hole in his skull.  Perhaps that is why Dr. Lee qualified his statement regarding the bullet, saying that it "appears to have exited trough the back of Mr. Foster's head", instead of saying that the bullet actually did exit the head, as the other forensic experts found.

As of this writing we don't know exactly why Dr. Lee refused to definitively state that the bullet actually exited the head,  because the report of Dr. Lee is secret and may not be viewed by the public. 

Even though Kenneth Starr cites Dr. Lee's report several times, Kenneth Starr doesn't want you to read it.

Dr. Blackbourne's Comment On The Exit Wound

If Dr. Blackbourne found anything odd about a bullet that is supposed to have torn a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp without creating a bullet hole in his skull, there is nothing in Starr's report to indicate this fact.

This doesn't necessarily mean that Dr. Blackbourne did not comment on this bizarre wound, however. As of this writing, the report of Dr. Blackbourne is secret and may not be viewed by the public. Even though Kenneth Starr cites Dr. Blackbourne's report several times, Kenneth Starr doesn't want you to read it.



 

The Trajectory Rod

Starr says a trajectory rod was inserted through the wound path during the autopsy (Star Report page 111):
The autopsy photographs depict the wound in the back of the head, and the photographs show the trajectory rod through the wound.
Had the bullet remained in Foster's head, it would explain the lack of a bullet hole in the skull . . . but what about the trajectory rod? . . . how could a trajectory rod be inserted through the exit wound without leaving any discernible hole in the skull?

Inserting A Trajectory Rod Through A Comminuted Fracture

The scalp adheres to the bone of the skull to the point that quite a bit of strength is required to separate the scalp from the skull during the autopsy9

Given this, it is very possible to insert a trajectory through Foster's head and leave the same indication of the wounds that we find in Dr. Beyer's drawings of the wound to the skull and the wound to the scalp.

Since the bone adheres to the scalp, the trajectory rod would merely separate the bone fragments as it exited the skull.  After retraction of the trajectory rod, the bone would simply close back more or less in its original configuration.  This would leave a wound to the skull with no bullet hole, but only a large comminuted fracture (caused by the ricocheting bullet) and an exit wound in the scalp.

We can use the image of a penetrating gunshot wound from the University of Florida web site10 to illustrate:


1) Before insertion of trajectory rod.
 


2) After insertion of the trajectory rod in the wound path
and before perforation of scalp


3) After perforation of the scalp by the trajectory rod;
note that the bone is pushed aside
 


4) After retraction of trajectory rod; the
scalp and bone return to the original configuration


Since the bone adheres to the scalp, the bone closes back more or less in its original configuration after the trajectory rod is retracted, leaving a large comminuted fracture with no discernible exit hole and an exit wound in the scalp.

This is exactly the wound described in the Foster autopsy report.
 

 A large comminuted fracture with no discernible exit hole . . .
  . . . and an exit wound in the scalp
 
Summary
  • Dr. Beyer failed to explain how a high velocity .38 caliber slug could exit Foster's head and tear a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp without creating a bullet hole in his skull.
  • Dr. James L. Luke, appointed by Robert Fiske to investigate Dr. Beyer's conduct of the Foster autopsy, failed to explain how a high velocity .38 caliber slug could could exit Foster's head and tear a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp without creating a bullet hole in his skull.
  • Dr. Charles J. Stahl, appointed by Robert Fiske to investigate Dr. Beyer's conduct of the Foster autopsy, failed to explain how a high velocity .38 caliber slug could exit Foster's head and  tear a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp without creating a bullet hole in his skull.
  • Dr. Charles S. Hirsch, appointed by Robert Fiske to investigate Dr. Beyer's conduct of the Foster autopsy, failed to explain how a high velocity .38 caliber slug could exit Foster's head and tear a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp without creating a bullet hole in his skull.
  • Dr. Donald T. Reay, appointed by Robert Fiske to investigate Dr. Beyer's conduct of the Foster autopsy, failed to explain how a high velocity .38 caliber could exit Foster's head and tear a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp without creating a bullet hole in his skull.
  • Robert Fiske failed to explain how a high velocity .38 caliber slug could exit Foster's head and tear a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp without creating a bullet hole in his skull.
  • Kenneth Starr failed to explain how a high velocity .38 caliber could exit Foster's head and tear a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in Foster's scalp without creating a bullet hole in his skull.
  • We don't know what Dr. Blackbourne, appointed by Kenneth Starr to investigate the Foster death, said about the bizarre wound shown in Dr. Beyer's drawing, because Kenneth Starr will not release Dr. Blackbourne's report. 
  • Dr. Henry Lee was unsure if the bullet actually exited the head or not, as he qualified his description of the exit wound by reporting that "the bullet apparently exited the back of Foster's head".  As of this writing, we don't know if  Dr. Lee's report mentions the bizzare wound explicitly, because Kenneth Starr refuses to release Dr. Lee's report. 
  • The wound drawn by Dr. Beyer and described by Drs. Luke and Stahl is inconsistent with a bullet that exited the head, as Drs. Beyer, Luke & Stahl claim.

Thus, the official story of the Foster death is this:

Foster committed suicide by placing a high velocity .38 caliber revolver  in his mouth and firing it.

The bullet, which was never found, somehow exited Foster's head tearing a 1 1/4 x 1 inch hole in his scalp without leaving a bullet hole in his skull.

This is an unbelievable story.


    1: Deposition of Dr. Beyer, July 13, 1994 [583]:
      Q Doctor, you referred to the diagrams that you did in connection with the autopsy. Did you draw those
      diagrams? 
      A During the performance of the autopsy. .
    2: DiMaio, Vincent, M.D, Gunshot Wounds : Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, page 114
    3: Ann H. Ross, GUNSHOT WOUNDS: A SUMMARY, http://www.soton.ac.uk/~jb3/bullet/gsw.html
    4: Firearms Tutorial, University of Utah Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library web site.  5: Bone Disorders, Columbia University College of P & S Complete Home Medical Guide: http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/guide/hmg24_0001.html:
      Comminuted Fracture. The bone is crushed into several pieces at the fracture site.
    6: Dr. Robert C. Mellors at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University Web Site: http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_PathNotes/Skeletal/Bone.html
      A fracture is described as complete or incomplete, simple (closed) or compound (open) if contiguous to an open external or internal wound, and comminuted if the bone is grossly splintered.
    7: DiMaio, Vincent, M.D, Gunshot Wounds : Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, page 263.
    8: DiMaio, Vincent, M.D, Gunshot Wounds : Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques, page 264.
    9: Uthman, Ed, M.D., The Routine Autopsy http://www.neosoft.com/~uthman/Autop.html :
      The diener uses a scalpel to cut from behind one ear, over the crown of the head, to behind the other ear. Like with the trunk incisions, this one is deep, all the way to the skull. The skin and soft tissues are now divided into a front flap and a rear flap. The front flap is pulled (this takes some strength) forward (like being "scalped") over the patient's face, thus exposing the top and front of the skull. The back flap is pulled backwards over the nape of the neck. The whole top hemisphere of the skull is now exposed. 
    10: Gunshot Wound: http://www.surgery.ufl.edu/divisions/opo/brain/gunshot.html

    Citations in brackets are to page numbers of the two 1994 Senate Whitewater Hearings Volumes [S. Hrg. 103-889, Volumes I & II] and of the 1994 Report Volume [Rept. 103-433, Volume I].
     

     jc huntington
     11/99



Home